In 2010 Human Rights Watch reported that journalists in Kurdistan who criticize the regional government have faced substantial violence, threats, and lawsuits, and some have fled the country. [88], Kurdistan extends to Lake Urmia in Iran on the east.

Western Kurdistan which is in the north of Syria. After the 1991 safe haven was established, the Kurdistan Regional Government began projects to reconstruct the Kurdistan Region. East and south east of Betlis is the principality of Julamerick, south west of it is the principality of Amadia. [18] However, the Baghdad government only recognized the autonomy of the Kurdistan Region after the fall of Saddam Hussein, with a new Iraqi constitution in 2005. [39][40] The Kurdish autonomy which had existed since 1992 was formally recognized by the new Iraqi government in 2005 in the new Iraqi constitution and the KDP- and PUK-administered areas reunified in 2006, making the Kurdistan Region into one single administration. [95], A typical Kurdish village in Hawraman, Kurdistan, Canyon in Rawanduz in northern Iraqi Kurdistan, 19th-century map showing the location of the Kingdom of Corduene in 60 BCE, Kurdish independent kingdoms and autonomous principalities circa 1835. [17] However, the Iraqi no-fly zones over most of Iraqi Kurdistan after March 1991 gave the Kurds a chance to experiment with self-governance and the autonomous region was de facto established. The Kurdish regional government has also been accused of trying to Kurdify other regions such as the Nineveh plains and Kirkuk by providing financial support for Kurds who want to settle in those areas. However, the KRG has estimated that the region contains around 45 billion barrels (7.2×10^9 m3) of unproven oil resource. They mention the mountains of Qardu, city of Qardu and country of Qardawaye. [103][104] The KRG defend their actions as necessary compensation for the hundreds of thousands of Kurds that have been forced out of the same areas by previous Iraqi governments and during the Al-Anfal campaign. T. A. Sinclair, "Eastern Turkey, an Architectural and Archaeological Survey", Vol. stân) is Persian for land. However, the Kurdish insurgency became entangled in the Iran–Iraq War from 1980 onwards. Corduene was situated to the east of Tigranocerta, that is, to the east and south of present-day Diyarbakır in south-eastern Turkey. A rough estimate places the Kurdistan region to be between north-western Zagros and eastern Taurus mountain ranges. In November 2011, Exxon challenged the Iraqi central government's authority with the signing of oil and gas contracts for exploration rights to six parcels of land in Kurdistan, including one contract in the disputed territories, just east of the Kirkuk mega-field.

Kurdistan is not a country, but the map of the Kurdish region includes the geographical region in the Middle East wherein the Kurdish people have historically established a prominent population and unified cultural identity. [41] In the aftermath of the elections, Gorran failed at its attempts to persuade the Kurdistan Islamic Group and Kurdistan Islamic Union to leave the Kurdistan List, provoking both KDP and PUK. Since then, of all the 4,500 villages that were destroyed by Saddam Husseins' regime, 65% have been reconstructed by the KRG.[114]. [20], Before Iraq became an independent state in 1923, the Kurds had already begun their independence struggle from the British Mandatory Iraq with the Mahmud Barzanji revolts which were subsequently crushed by the United Kingdom after a bombing campaign against Kurdish civilians by the Royal Air Force. [38] Gorran would subsequently win 25 seats (or 23.7% of the votes) in the 2009 parliamentary elections to the detriment of the Kurdistan List. Hamit Bozarslan “The Kurdish Question: Can it be solved within Europe?”, The Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by D. Brewster—Page 511, Original from Oxford University—published 1830, An Account of the State of Roman-Catholick Religion, Sir Richard Steele, Published 1715. The world's largest deposit of rock sulfur is located just southwest of Erbil (Hewlêr).

Iraqi Kurdistan is divided into six governorates, three of which (and parts of others) are under the control of the Kurdistan Regional Government. Will Kurds use oil to break free from Iraq? [citation needed], A 2010 US report, written before the instability in Syria and Iraq that exists as of 2014, attested that "Kurdistan may exist by 2030". While in detention, protesters were not allowed to contact with anyone or have access to a lawyer. The poll was voted for and supported by all the Kurdish people in Iraq despite the government terming it as illegal. Iraqi Kurdistan has opened its doors to the world by opening two international airports. [60][61][62][63] Extraction of these reserves began in 2007. mi.) Despite the vast numbers they have never had their own state - instead they are governed by the respective governments that have mandate over the land that they live in. Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, Syrian Kurdish–Islamist conflict (2013–present), Turkey demands Google remove Greater Kurdistan map, "The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2005", page 84 “The years of silence and of renewal”, "Kurds seek autonomy in democratic Syria", "Sharafnama: History of the Kurdish Nation", Kurdistan and its native Provincial subdivisions, "The map presented by the Kurdish League Delegation, March 1945", "Turkey may be divided, a Kurdish state could become a reality by 2030: U.S. Intelligence report", "The Rise of ISIS, a Golden Opportunity for Iraq's Kurds", "Turkey Ready To Accept Kurdish State in Northern Iraq", "After Being Banned for Almost a Century, Turkey's Kurds Are Clamoring to Learn Their Own Language", "Some 30,000 Syrians flee to Iraq's Kurdistan region, more expected", "Syrian Kurds continue to flee to Iraq in their thousands", "Syrian Kurds Flee To Iraq by the Thousands", "Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria", "Turkey sees Nusra Front as terrorist group, acts accordingly: source", "Middle East | Kurds show coded support for PKK". The word "Kurdistan" is first attested in 11th century Seljuk chronicles. [52], The Kurdistan Region has the lowest poverty rates in Iraq[54] and the stronger economy of the Kurdistan Region attracted around 20,000 workers from other parts of Iraq between 2003 and 2005. KRG-controlled parts of Iraqi Kurdistan contain 4 billion barrels of proven oil reserves.

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